Chang, Garma C. C. 1983. A Treasury of Mahayana Sutras: Selections from the Maharatnakuts Sutra. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press.

Cleary, Thomas, tr. 1986. The Flower Ornament Scripture, The Avatamsaka Sutra. Boston and London: Shambala.

Fong, Mary H. "Dehua figures: A Type of ChinesePopular Sculpure".1990. Orientation 21, 1 (January):43-48.

Ohnuma, Reiko. 1997. "Dehadana: The 'Gift of the Body' in Indian Buddhist Narrative Literature." Ph.D. diss. University of Michigan.

Pal, Pratapadya. 1987. Icons of Piety, Images of Whimsy. Asian Terra-cottas from the Walter-Grounds Collection. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

Stein, Rolf A. 1986. "Avalokitesvara/Kouan-yin, un exemple de transformation d'un dieu en deesse," Cahiers d'Extreme-Asie, 2:17-77.

Teiser, Stephen F. 1988. The Ghost Festival in China. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Thurman, Robert A. F., tr. 1976. The Holy Teaching of Vimalakirti, A Mahayana Scripture. University Park and London: The Pennsylvania Stata University Press.

澤田瑞穗 1959. 〈魚籃觀音〉，《天理大學學報》，30:37-51.

史葦湘，〈再論產生敦煌佛教藝術審美的社會因素〉，《敦煌研究》第一卷，一九八九。

《卍續藏經》，台北：新文豐出版公司，一九八三。